How to choose a building site: legal clarity of the issue
Legal aspects are considered even before signing a contract with the team. In addition to obtaining a cadastral number and verifying the owner, it's important to consider the intended use (encumbrances and easements) and the preparation of urban planning documentation.
The intended use of a plot of land requires its use in accordance with technical land management documentation and legislation.
As a rule, two types of plots are permitted for the construction of a private home:
- for the construction and maintenance of residential buildings and outbuildings located within the boundaries of a populated area, allowing for registration on the plot;
- for individual gardening outside the boundaries of a populated area - in this case, the building permit only applies to garden houses, which do not require registration.
The urban planning documentation factor requires the approval of the master plan of the plot of land on which a house can be built, along with the issuance of a construction passport.
How to choose land for a house based on the terrain and area of the site
Experts advise paying attention to the terrain and its orientation to the cardinal directions. For example, a hilly area is extremely beautiful and convenient for landscaping. However, this format presents certain challenges when constructing a building.
It's best to prioritize level ground without breaks or steep slopes, and preferably a site on an elevated area. Other factors when assessing land value include the following:
- the presence of nearby high-rise buildings within 150 meters;
- the presence of hangars and farms nearby;
- the presence of nearby cemeteries;
- abandoned buildings;
- power lines nearby;
- the presence of garages nearby.
All these factors negatively impact the comfort of living in a residential building in the future.
It's also crucial to pay attention to the dimensions of the building site. The total area of the site is calculated taking into account the size of the future home and any other structures located on the site. The ideal ratio for the site boundaries to the area of the house is considered to be 10:1.
In terms of shape, a square layout is the optimal option. When choosing a plot with a narrow or non-standard configuration, it's advisable to consult with an architect in advance to avoid making mistakes when choosing a site. In some cases, the shape of the plot may impose limitations on the design and zoning of the area.
What to look for when choosing a site: key points
Land sales are handled by specialized agencies. However, it is advisable to involve architects and geologists in the process, as this can reduce the risk of purchasing an inappropriate plot. Key aspects to consider when searching for the optimal plot include the following:
- Site geology and soil characteristics
This information is essential when choosing a foundation type, and therefore it is advisable to entrust this matter to geologists. Studies will help assess soil heaving and calculate its bearing capacity, as different soil types require specific foundation weights.
- Neighborhood infrastructure
If long-term use is planned, it is necessary to inquire about the location of schools or kindergartens, medical facilities, pharmacies, train stations, shopping malls, green spaces, and commercial outlets nearby. Information about the access road to the plot is equally important, and it is also advisable to know in advance the distance to nearby settlements.
The depth of groundwater depends on the presence of nearby bodies of water. A soil freezing level below the freezing point is considered normal. If this level rises, constructing a durable building will be significantly more difficult. In this case, it's necessary to plan for the installation of a waterproofing and drainage system, which requires additional funding.
The first important question is the presence of a power line, its distance from the site, and the electrical connection parameters. All issues related to gas and water supply should be resolved with local companies, addressing this before construction.
The presence of a nearby body of water, such as a river or lake, is considered a positive factor when selecting a house plot. However, in this case, water levels and flood potential must be considered. Plots with adjacent trees are an excellent option. It's also important to know whether the land is located in a water protection or conservation zone, as this will require the necessary paperwork and permits.
