What is geology?
This direction allows you to get general information about the site. It also includes work on soil research and selection of the right structures for construction. The list of actions performed during such research is as follows:
- work with archival materials;
- determining the geological section of the territory by drilling a well;
- designation of the groundwater level;
- taking water samples for chemical analysis;
- studying the composition of field waters;
- soil analysis - characteristic properties and composition;
- creation of a technical report;
- summing up and providing recommendations to the customer.
Taking into account the collected data, the type of building foundation, building materials will be selected, and the construction of a basement will be planned.
What is geodesy
In this case, the project of the object is connected with others located within the territory and near access roads. The direction provides for several distinctive characteristics:
- study of the soil composition by various methods and the specifics of the entire site;
- geodetic works concern only the local territory, unlike geological ones, which study districts and regions;
- the formation of calculation data occurs throughout the entire construction period, while in geology they are carried out before the start of the project.
To order geological and geodetic surveys, it is necessary to contact specialized companies. This approach makes it possible to avoid many mistakes at the planning stage and significantly save your budget.
Peculiarities of conducting research
Geological surveys in construction involve a comprehensive approach. At the first stage, all previous engineering surveys of the territory intended for construction are carefully studied. The conclusion on these surveys will be valid for 3 years. The stages of work are as follows:
- a well is drilled in the soil to take a sample, after which the selected material is examined in specially equipped laboratories;
- a geophysical analysis is carried out to identify changes in the soil, taking into account the physical and mechanical parameters - this makes it possible to find cracks, splits, places of artificial intervention;
- hydrological work is carried out to study groundwater and what effect they have on the soil;
- landscape conditions and potential risks of subsidence during the construction of the building are designated;
- prerequisites are created for creating the correct project - the shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, etc. are designated.
Upon completion of these works, engineers generate reporting documents, which describe in detail the results of the survey.
What is the need for geology and surveying before construction?
From a geological point of view, the conditions for construction can be favorable or unfavorable. The latter option requires making difficult decisions or a complete ban on the construction of the facility.
If there are several options for building a house on a site, the most suitable one is selected from all the proposed ones. The final verdict regarding the foundation is made based on the studied geology.
The consequences of the lack of geological and geodetic studies can be seen in many private houses. This is evidenced by the presence of cracks in the walls or a floating foundation.
"Ignoring" the specifics of the soil makes itself known immediately or after a few years. Therefore, it is not worth building without knowledge of geology and geodesy, as this leads to unnecessary expenses for major repairs in the future.
