How to choose the right grade of concrete for construction: why is it important?
Concrete density characteristics are determined by its properties, as specified by its markings. The quality of the material is indicated by its resistance to external influences, frost resistance, water resistance, and workability. Compressive strength is also taken into account in calculations. In other words, the load that structures made from this material can withstand.
Concrete grade is the main characteristic, taking into account GOST standards, indicating the load rating during operation after final curing and shrinkage. It takes at least 30 days for the concrete to fully harden. Commercially available concrete grades range from M50 to M1000. This material is used for the construction of foundations, wall panels, load-bearing elements, and floor slabs.
In terms of strength, low-strength concrete grades include M75, M100, and M150. These grades are typically used during the preparation stage for pouring the foundation. This concrete is placed on a sand bed, after which vertical reinforcement is installed. High-strength cement is used in monolithic structures and those that will withstand heavy loads.
What are concrete grades M200, M300, and M400 used for?
This type of concrete is classified as lightweight concrete, requiring low strength. Its applications include the following.
- Grade 200, like Grade 150, is used for pouring floors. Mortar made from this material is applied as a screed over existing concrete to strengthen the flooring.
- M300 and M400 concrete are very popular with designers. This type of cement mixture is used for constructing columns or floors. Mortar can also be used to strengthen structures. Furthermore, this material is essential for the construction of multi-story buildings.
What grade of concrete is needed for monolithic work?
Monolithic structures require increased strength and the ability to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, the use of concrete made from M400 grade cement or higher is recommended for such work. Ready-mix mortar using this cement is used:
- in the construction of monolithic columns supporting large structures;
- in the construction of beams and lintels designed to create stable building elements;
- bank vaults - the high strength of M400 concrete makes it possible to construct safes and vaults;
- bridge structures and other structures - M400 concrete is widely used in projects requiring strength and durability.
What grade of concrete is needed for the foundation?
The foundation is the fundamental element of any building, and its longevity depends on its quality. Therefore, it is crucial that this element be as stable as possible and able to withstand heavy loads.
When constructing such a structure, formwork must be created to achieve the required shape. In this sector, concrete grades M400 and M500 are typically used.
The former is used as a material for forming floor slabs and high-strength structures. Grade 500 concrete is characterized by its resistance to ultraviolet radiation, prevents deterioration, and is unaffected by precipitation, frost, wind, and other factors.
